【作 者】：
祝智庭， 韩中美， 黄昌勤
【关 键 词 】：
教育人工智能； 人本人工智能； 混合智能； 超学科； 研究框架
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
人工智能是未来教育创新发展的重要推动力，遵循人本主义理念并形成人本人工智能教育新应用，将有力促成一种新型的研究与应用范式——教育人工智能（educational Artificial Intelligence，eAI）的形成。eAI注重以人为本的协作教育理念，在智能技术的支持下，以人和机器的交互、协作为研究对象，理解教育活动并揭示其发生的规律，从而促进人和机器智慧的共同成长。因此，在以人为本理念的引领下，eAI必将是人本人工智能的持续动力和新的研究范式，也是未来教育创新发展的新诉求。文章深度融合人本人工智能与教育，开展eAI的理论探究。首先，从人工智能、人在回路和奇点生态三方面阐释了人本人工智能的内涵，并解析eAI创新所需要的支持智能、增强智能和人机协同智能的一体化联动。在此基础上，剖析eAI的核心要素，构建了人本人工智能引领下eAI的研究框架，以人在旁路、人在回路和人在领路模式贯穿三大智能（支持智能、增强智能和人机协同智能）来透析eAI生态。最后，从基于混合智能的eAI环境、面向协同增智的eAI技术、底线思维引领下的eAI实践理性、面向设计思维的eAI创变力量、基于和谐共生的教育伦理等方面探寻了人本人工智能视域下eAI新范式，以期为构建人本人工智能视角下人机协同的eAI新生态提供设计思路和实践指导。
【英文摘要】：
Artificial intelligence is an important driving force for future educational innovation and development. Following the humanism and forming the new application of human-centered artificial intelligence (AI) in education will strongly contribute to a new paradigm of research and application---educational artificial intelligence (eAI). eAI focuses on the concept of human-centered collaborative education. With the support of intelligent technology, the interaction and collaboration between human and machine are taken as the research object to understand educational activities and reveal the laws of their occurrence, so as to promote the common growth of human and machine intelligence. Therefore, under the guidance of the concept of human-centeredness, eAI will certainly be a sustainable driving force and a new research paradigm for human-centered AI, as well as a new appeal of educational innovation and development in the future.In this paper, human-centered AI and education are deeply integrated to carry out the theoretical exploration of eAI. First, the connotation of human-centered artificial intelligence is explained from three aspects of artificial intelligence, human in the loop and singularity ecology, and the integrated linkage of supporting intelligence, enhancing intelligence and human-machine collaborative intelligence is analyzed for eAI innovation. On this basis, the core elements of eAI are analyzed, and a research framework of eAI led by human-centered AI is constructed from three perspectives of human in bypass, human in loop and human in leading. Finally, the new paradigm of eAI under the perspective of human-centered AI is explored in terms of eAI environment based on hybrid intelligence, eAI technology oriented to collaborative intelligence enhancement, eAI practical rationality led by bottom-line thinking, eAI creative power oriented to design thinking, and education ethics based on harmonious symbiosis, so as to provide design ideas and practical guidance for building a new eAI ecology of human-machine collaboration under the perspective of human-centered AI.
【下 载】：
教育人工智能（eAI）：人本人工智能的新范式