【作 者】：
王一岩， 朱 陶， 杨淑豪，郑永和
【关 键 词 】：
人机协同； 人机协同教学； 人机协同教育； 教学数字化转型； 数字化教学胜任力
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
人机协同教学是教育创新变革的必然趋势，也是教育数字化转型的必然途径，对于课堂教学的高质量发展具有重要意义。首先，文章对人机协同教学的本质内涵进行了系统阐述，指出人机协同教学旨在充分发挥教师智慧和机器智能的核心优势，通过教师与机器的协同工作和优势互补，优化课堂教学的中间环节、重构课堂教学的组织模式，超越教师智慧和机器智能的局限性，实现人机协同的教育智慧创生，推动“教师智慧—机器智能—学生智慧”的协同增长和共同进化。其次，文章从基于人机协作的教学过程辅助、基于人机融合的教学决策优化、基于人机共创的教学样态重塑三个层面论述了人机协同教学在实践层面的表征样态。最后，文章从人机协同教学的理论体系建构、技术赋能教学变革的能力、教师的数字化教学胜任力、人与机器的冲突与平衡机制、人机协同教学的成效验证等方面论述了人机协同教学面对的现实挑战及可行建议，以期推动人机协同教学理论和实践研究的长远发展。
【英文摘要】：
Human-computer collaborative teaching is an inevitable trend of educational innovation and transformation, as well as an inevitable way of digital transformation in education, which is of great significance for the high-quality development of classroom teaching. Firstly, the paper makes a systematic elaboration on the essence of human-computer collaborative teaching, pointing out that human-computer collaborative teaching aims to give fully play to the advantages of teacher wisdom and computer intelligence. Through the collaborative work and complementary advantages between teachers and computers, the intermediate links of classroom teaching are optimized, the organization mode of classroom teaching is reconstructed, and the limitations of teacher wisdom and computer intelligence are transcended. As a result, the creation of educational intelligence of human-computer collaboration is realized, and the synergistic growth and co-evolution of "teacher wisdom-computer intelligence- student wisdom" are promoted. Secondly, this paper discusses the characterization of human-computer collaborative teaching in practice from three aspects of teaching process assistance based on human-computer collaboration, teaching decision optimization based on human-computer integration, and teaching pattern reshaping based on human-computer co-creation. Finally, the paper discusses the practical challenges and feasible suggestions of human-computer collaborative teaching from the aspects of the theoretical system construction, the ability of technology-enabled teaching reform, teachers' digital teaching competence, human-computer conflict and balance mechanism, and the effectiveness verification of human-computer collaborative teaching in order to promote the long-term development of human-computer collaborative teaching theoretical and practical research.
【下 载】：
人机协同教学：动因、本质与挑战