【作 者】：
孙立会， 刘思远， 李曼曼
【关 键 词 】：
人工智能； 计算思维； 儿童编程教育； 学校化； 政策建议
【栏 目】：
历史与国际比较
【中文摘要】：
与学校体系、学科相融合是人工智能时代儿童编程教育的发展图景。文章以日本文部科学省开展“儿童编程教育发展必要条件”调查为研究对象，以数据分析形式探讨了儿童编程教育学校化的困难与应对措施。研究发现：日本推行儿童编程教育的困难主要有信息不足、人才不足与预算不足，推行困难随实施程度的深入由信息不足向预算不足转变；时间不足、教师负担过重也是重要的阻碍因素。其应对措施体现在制定规划纲要与开展培训相统一，实现编程技术、教学方法和心理辅导相统一，纳入正常课程体系与教材教法建设相统一，多元支持体系与细化内容相统一四个方面。在此基础上，提出推进我国儿童编程教育深度发展的建议：在政策层面，制定规划纲要、搭建发展平台；在理论层面，要明确儿童编程教育的社会价值、强化一线教师对儿童编程教育的重视、正确认识并遵循儿童编程教育发展规律；在学校实践层面，强化儿童编程教育理念宣传、教材编制、师资培训、外部合作、评价标准，在学习国际经验的同时立足本土创新。
【英文摘要】：
Integration with school system and discipline is the future of children's programming education in the era of artificial intelligence. The research takes the investigation of "necessary conditions for children's programming education" in the MEXT as the research object, and discusses the difficulties and countermeasures of school-based children's programming education in the form of data analysis. The research results show that the difficulties in implementing children's programming education in Japan mainly include lack of information, talents and budget. The difficulty of implementation varies from insufficient information to insufficient budget with the deepening of implementation. The lack of time and excessive burden on teachers are also important obstacles. The countermeasures are reflected in the unification of the planning outline and training, the integration of programming technology, teaching methods and psychological counseling, the integration of the normal curriculum system and teaching materials, and the unification of the multiple support system and refinement content. Based on that, suggestions are put forward to promote the in-depth development of children's programming education in China: at the policy level, formulating planning outlines and build development platforms; at the theoretical level, clarifying the social value of children's programming education, strengthening teachers' attention to children's programming education, understanding and keeping to the development rules of children's programming education; at school practice level, strengthening the propaganda of children's programming education, textbook development, teacher training, external cooperation, evaluation criteria, and learning international experience while based on local innovation.
【下 载】：
面向人工智能时代儿童编程教育行动路径 ——基于日本“儿童编程教育发展必要条件”调查报告