【作 者】：
刘京鲁， 夏 洁， 王 宇， 张 珐
【关 键 词 】：
深度学习； 因需施教； 支持—调节； 实践导向； 在线临场感
【栏 目】：
网络教育
【中文摘要】：
随着终身学习理念的普及，在线学习日趋成为成人学习者获取知识与技能的主要途径。为分析成人在线深度学习的影响因素和作用机制，探索有效促进深度学习发生的在线教学策略，研究构建基于“课程设计—教学实施—教学评价” 三阶段的“成人在线深度学习发生机制模型”，开发成人在线深度学习测评工具，基于对494名在线学习者的问卷调查结果，开展了实证研究。研究结果表明：从学习者需求出发组织真实情境下的教学是提高学习动机和学习参与程度的关键因素，成人在线课程设计秉持“因需施教”的理念；教师要重视对学习者的“支持—调节”，培养学习者沟通协作、知识建构、问题解决等高阶能力；成人在线教学应提升学习者“在场”体验，引导学习者“学会学习”和“主动参与学习”。
【英文摘要】：
With the popularization of lifelong learning, online learning has become a major way for adult learners to acquire knowledge and skills. In order to analyze the influencing factors and mechanisms of online deep learning for adults, and explore the online teaching strategies to promote the occurrence of deep learning, this study developed an "occurrence mechanism model of online deep learning for adults" based on the three stages of "Course Design -Teaching Implementation -Teaching Evaluation", and developed an online deep learning assessment tool for adults. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey of 494 online learners, an empirical study was conducted. The research results show that organizing teaching in real situations based on learners' needs is the key factor to improve learning motivation and learning engagement, and the design of adult online course should adhere to the idea of "need-based teaching". Teachers should pay attention to the "support-adjustment" service for learners and mobilize learners to cultivate higher-order abilities such as communication and collaboration, knowledge construction, and problem-solving skills. Adult online teaching should enhance learners' presence experience and guide learners to "learn-to-learn" and "actively participate in learning".