【作 者】：
韩锡斌， 石琬若
【关 键 词 】：
虚拟仿真实训； 职业教育； 现实困境； 应对策略
【栏 目】：
学习环境与资源
【中文摘要】：
虚拟仿真实训是破解职业教育实训中“三高三难”问题的关键途径。文章在厘清虚拟仿真实训概念范畴的基础上，构建了包含实训教学内部要素与外部支持条件的系统分析框架。基于该框架，结合国内外相关研究成果，揭示当前虚拟仿真实训面临的主要困境及其成因：一是资源多集中于元件/工具级与仪器/技能级，未能与教学系统内部要素有效融合，难以全面支撑实训过程中的教与学；二是缺乏基于数据驱动的学习过程评价机制，学生的自我调节学习无法实现闭环；三是系统运维水平偏低，资源共享程度有限。针对现实困境，文章提出了深化虚拟仿真实训系统内部要素集成、构建过程性评价机制、强化外部支持条件等对策，以推动职业教育虚拟仿真实训高质量发展。
【英文摘要】：
Virtual simulation training serves as a crucial approach to address the "three highs and three difficulties" issues in vocational education training. Based on a clear understanding of the conceptual scope of virtual simulation training, this paper constructs an systematic analytical framework that integrates both internal elements of training instruction and external support conditions. Based on this framework and relevant research results at home and abroad, this paper reveals the primary challenges currently faced by virtual simulation training and their underlying causes. First, resources are primarily concentrated at the component/tool level and instrument/skill level, failing to effectively integrate with internal elements of the teaching system, making it difficult to fully support teaching and learning in the training process. Second, there is a lack of a data-driven learning process evaluation mechanism, making it impossible for students to achieve a closed-loop self-regulated learning process. Third,the system maintenance level is relatively low, and resource sharing is limited. In view of these challenges, this paper proposes strategies such as deepening the integration of internal elements within the virtual simulation training system, constructing a process-oriented evaluation mechanism, and strenthening external support conditions, so as to improve the high-quality development of virtual simulation training in vocational education.