【作 者】：
张 彦 杰
【关 键 词 】：
教师； 生成式人工智能； AIDUA模型； 使用意向； 形成机制
【栏 目】：
学科建设与教师发展
【中文摘要】：
生成式人工智能对教育有着广泛且深远的影响，但学界对教师GenAI使用意向的关注相对不足。文章以中小学教师为研究对象，基于认知评估理论及AIDUA模型，采用问卷调查、结构方程模型等方法，初步探索教师对GenAI使用意向的形成机制。研究发现：教师虽然对GenAI的认知较少、使用经验有限，但对其使用持积极态度，支持将其融入教育教学，且并不担心被取代；教师GenAI使用意向的形成机制表现为两个维度（接受使用、拒绝使用）、三个阶段（认知评估阶段、情绪反应阶段、意向形成阶段）的认知过程、心理机制和行为模式；“社会影响→感知人性→绩效预期→接受使用GenAI”是较为普遍的教师GenAI接纳意向的形成机制。人工智能焦虑是导致教师拒绝使用GenAI的主要因素之一。因此，为了提高教师对GenAI的接受度，需加强其专业发展、增加实践机会，促进研发者与教育者合作，进而提升其对GenAI的绩效预期，降低其使用焦虑，推动教育教学创新。
【英文摘要】：
Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has a widespread and profound impact on education, but the academic community has paid relatively little attention to teachers' intention to use GenAI. The study took primary and secondary school teachers as the research object, and based on cognitive appraisal theory and the AIDUA model, adopted questionnaire survey and structural equation modelling to preliminarily explore the formation mechanism of teachers' intention to use GenAI. It is found that, although teachers have limited knowledge and experience with GenAI, they maintain a positive attitude towards its use, support its integration into education and teaching, and do not worry about being replaced. And the formation mechanism of teachers' GenAI use intention manifests as a cognitive process, psychological mechanism and behavioral pattern with two dimensions (acceptance of use and rejection of use) and three stages (cognitive appraisal stage, emotional response stage and intention formation stage). The "social influence → perceived humanization →performance expectancy → acceptance of using GenAI" pattern represents a more universal mechanism for the formation of teachers' intention to accept GenAI. AI anxiety is one of the main factors leading to teachers' rejection of GenAI use. Therefore, to enhance teachers' acceptance of GenAI, it is necessary to strengthen their professional development, increase practical opportunities, and promote collaboration between researchers and educators, thereby improving their performance expectations of GenAI, reducing their use anxiety, and promoting education and teaching innovation.