【作 者】：
王克志， 张 良， 李小红
【关 键 词 】：
深度学习； 素养； 方法主义； 知识观变革； 知识与方法共在
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
深度学习作为指向素养培育的学习理念与方式变革的标识，如何理解深度学习之“深”是素养培育的原理性命题。方法是理解深度学习的重要视角，但仅以方法视角理解学习极易陷入工具化、形式化、技能化等方法主义误区，造成轻视知识、窄化深度学习内涵进而难以培育素养的困境。从知识观变革的视角来看，深度学习之深内蕴于知识由静态实体到问题解决工具的角色嬗变、学科事实到学科观念的价值转向、个人识记到社会建构的学习变革。这一视角有助于走出方法主义误区，释放知识的育人价值、拓展深度学习的理解维度并重建知识与学习的深度关系。探究素养培育的深度学习原理即在于知识与方法的共在，秉持知识结构与知识建构统一的知识观，建构学习内容与学习方法共在的方法观，践行知识学习与社会实践相资的知行观。
【英文摘要】：
Deep learning is a symbol of the change in learning concepts and methods for competence cultivation, and how to understand the "depth" of deep learning is the fundamental proposition of competence cultivation. Method is an important perspective for understanding deep learning, but understanding learning only from the perspective of method is prone to fall into the trap of methodism, such as instrumentalization, formalization, and skill focus, resulting in the dilemma of belittling knowledge, narrowing the connotation of deep learning, and thus making it difficult to cultivate competencies. From the perspective of the change of epistemology, the depth of deep learning is embedded in the evolution of the role of knowledge from a static entity to a problem-solving tool, the shift in value from disciplinary facts to disciplinary concepts, and the change in learning from from individual memorization to social construction. This perspective helps to avoid the trap of methodism, release the nurturing value of knowledge, expand the understanding of deep learning, and rebuild the deep relationship between knowledge and learning. The exploration of the principles of deep learning for competence cultivation lies in the coexistence of knowledge and methods, adhering to the epistemology that unifies knowledge structure and knowledge construction, building a methodology where learning content and learning methods coexist, and practicing views on knowing and doing that integrate knowledge learning with social practice.