【作 者】：
张 妮， 章 敏， 付 憧， 幸大惠
【关 键 词 】：
逆向工程法； 微创新能力； 创新人才培养； 实践研究； 3D打印
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
逆向工程法是一种“从成品出发”的教学方法，降低了创新门槛，容易实现微创新。文章以微创新能力内涵为导向，遵循“从仿到创”的阶段式教学理念，在项目式教学理论、做中学理论的支持下，提出了基于逆向工程法培养小学生微创新能力的教学活动框架，以“3D打印”为例进行三轮教学实践，并采用三角互证的方法从教师、学生、教学过程三个角度探究实践效果，以此修正与完善活动框架。研究结果表明，基于逆向工程法设计的教学活动从总体上显著提高了小学生微创新能力水平，对创新思维与创新技能要素也有显著促进作用，但对创新人格的影响不显著。研究结果为小学生微创新能力培养及国家创新人才培养提供了理论指导和实践参考。
【英文摘要】：
Reverse engineering method is a teaching method that "starts with the finished product" and lowers the threshold of innovation, making it easy to realize micro-innovations. Guided by the connotation of micro-innovation ability, this paper follows the teaching concept of "imitation preceding creation", and proposes a teaching activity framework for cultivating primary school students' micro-innovation ability based on the reverse engineering method with support of project-based teaching and learning by doing. Taking "3D printing" as an example, three rounds of teaching practice are carried out, and the practice effect is explored from three perspectives of teachers, students and teaching process with the triangulation method, so as to revise and improve the activity framework. The research results indicate that the teaching activities designed based on reverse engineering method can significantly improve the level of primary school students' micro innovation ability, and also significantly promote the innovative thinking and innovative skills, but the impact on innovative personality is not significant. The research results provide valuable theoretical guidance and practical reference for cultivating primary school students' micro-innovation ability and cultivating national innovative talents.