【作 者】：
张 磊
【关 键 词 】：
慕课； 无障碍； 残障人士； 可访问性； 系统性文献综述
【栏 目】：
历史与国际比较
【中文摘要】：
提高慕课的普惠性和包容性是慕课建设发展中的重要课题，也是确保残障人士平等享有学习权利的重要保障。文章基于国际研究视角采用系统性文献综述法，选取Web of Science、Scopus和ERIC数据库中2017—2022年的17篇相关实证研究论文进行统计分析。研究发现：无障碍慕课在平台设计、技术支持和对学习者特定类型的适应方面存在困难，主要是缺乏相关政策法规的支持、辅助技术工具的配套以及对残障用户需求的深入了解；国际上目前针对无障碍慕课评估的指南和标准主要依据Web内容无障碍指南（WCAG）、创作工具辅助功能指南（ATAG）、用户代理辅助功能指南（UAAG）以及ISO系列规范，需要加快推动评估指南、标准的修订和完善；无障碍慕课开发设计的核心要求是基于通用性和包容性原则，以残障用户为中心，提供多样化的资源和选择，以满足不同残障用户的需求和偏好。最后，文章探讨了推动我国无障碍慕课建设与发展的启示。
【英文摘要】：
Improving the universality and inclusiveness of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is a crucial issue in the construction and development of MOOCs, as well as a significant guarantee for ensuring equal learning rights for people with disabilities. Based on the international research perspective, this paper adopts the systematic literature review method to select 17 relevant empirical research papers in Web of Science, Scopus, and ERIC databases from 2017 to 2022 for statistical analysis. It is found that Accessible MOOCs have difficulties in platform design, technical support and adaptation to specific types of learners, mainly due to the lack of support from relevant policies and regulations, supporting assistive technology tools and in-depth understanding of the needs of users with disabilities. Currently, international guidelines and standards for evaluating accessible MOOCs are based on the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG), User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG), and ISO series specifications, and it is necessary to accelerate the revision and improvement of evaluation guidelines and standards. The core requirements for the development and design of accessible MOOCs are based on the principles of universality and inclusiveness, with users with disabilities as the center, providing diversified resources and choices to meet the needs and preferences of different users with disabilities. Finally, this paper discusses the enlightenment of promoting the construction and development of accessible MOOCs in China.