【作 者】：
刘德建， 费 程， 刘嘉豪， 蒋艳双
【关 键 词 】：
智能技术； 按需学习； 学习范式； 理论进路； 要素表征
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
智能技术与教育的融合不断加深，教育的复杂性变局已逐步成为现实。教育资源和服务的供给与学习者多元化的学习需求之间矛盾突出，在基于智能技术带来的教育数字化转型的大趋势下，按照需求牵引、应用为王、服务至上、科技赋能的原则，文章提出按需学习范式，即学习者在自然情境中，根据多样化的学习需求，满足多层次学习目标的进阶要求，以智能技术促进有效连接学习资源、环境与服务的一种学习范式。文章重点阐述按需学习范式的适切性及要素表征：学习者学习需求的动态生成性、匹配学习者按需学习路径的进阶性、教师与学习者的交互进化性、教师提供教学服务的适配性。同时，从数字资源、干系人及智能技术视角描述智能技术赋能的按需学习场景。
【英文摘要】：
The integration of smart technology and education has been deepening, and the complexity of education has gradually become a reality. The contradiction between the supply of educational resources and services and the diversified learning needs of learners is prominent, and a profound conceptual change is urgently needed. Based on the general trend of digital transformation of education brought about by intelligent technologies, and in accordance with the demand-driven, application-based, service-oriented, and technology-enabled principles, this paper puts forward an on-demand learning paradigm, which refers to a learning paradigm in which learners meet the progressive requirements of multi-level learning objectives according to diversified learning needs in a natural context and promote the effective connection of learning resources, environments and services with intelligent technologies. This paper focuses on the relevance of the on-demand learning paradigm and the elemental representations: the dynamic generation of learners' learning needs, the progression of matching learners' on-demand learning paths, the evolution of teacher-learner interactions, and the adaptability of teachers to provide instructional services. At the same time, the on-demand learning scenarios enabled by intelligent technologies are described from the perspectives of digital resources, stakeholders, and intelligent technologies.