【作 者】：
赵慧臣， 李 琳
【关 键 词 】：
创客教育； 知识； 行动； 知行合一
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
作为创新人才培养的重要路径，创客教育在发展过程中存在着重知识轻行动、重行动轻知识等极端现象。因此，如何平衡知识与行动的关系，实现知识行动化、行动知识化，是创客教育发展的关键。文章首先分析创客教育研究现状，反思创客教育中知识与行动的关系。其次，基于知识与行动视角，将创客教育分为强知识弱行动类、弱知识弱行动类、弱知识强行动类以及强知识强行动类，并分析不同类型创客教育的特征。再次，从知识与行动关系视角出发，提出知识行动化是教师设计富有知识意蕴实践活动的过程，行动知识化是学生在实践活动中反思和创新知识的过程，二者将相互促进，共同支持创新型人才培养。最后，形成创客教育中知识维度和行动维度的关系矩阵，并针对学校、教师、家长及学生提出创客教育的优化建议。
【英文摘要】：
As an important way to cultivate innovative talents, there are extreme phenomena in the development of maker education, such as emphasizing knowledge over action, or emphasizing action over knowledge. Therefore, the key to the development of maker education is how to balance the relationship between knowledge and action and realize the action-oriented knowledge and knowledge-oriented action. Firstly, this paper analyzes the current research situation of maker education, and reflects on the relationship between knowledge and action in maker education. Secondly, based on the perspective of knowledge and action, maker education is divided into strong knowledge with weak action, weak knowledge with weak action, weak knowledge with strong action, and strong knowledge with strong action, and the characteristics of different types of maker education are analyzed. Thirdly, from the perspective of the relationship between knowledge and action, it is proposed that through action-oriented knowledge, teachers design practical activities rich in knowledge, and through knowledge-oriented action, students reflect and innovate knowledge in practical activities. And those two will promote each other and jointly support the cultivation of innovative talents. Finally, the relationship matrix between knowledge dimension and action dimension in maker education is formed, and suggestions for the optimization of maker education are put forward for schools, teachers, parents and students.