【作 者】：
袁磊，张瑾，滕洁梅，覃颖，刘丽霞
【关 键 词 】：
STEAM教育； 生态系统； 教育生态； 协同机制； 信息技术
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
国家在近期颁布的一系列政策文件给STEAM教育带来了政策红利，解决了其发展环境的限制问题，为STEAM教育的深化发展提供了有利环境。但受制于现有生态系统的不完善、不健全，STEAM教育出现了系统性障碍，包括课堂生态未指向其教育本质、缺乏可用性和可及性的学习资源、割裂校内与校外STEAM学习间的联系、社会协同机制不健全、忽视代表性不足的学习群体、孤立看待技术与文化的影响等。为此，文章应用生态系统框架重构了STEAM教育生态系统模型包括以课堂教学为核心的微观生态系统、以家校社政为核心的中观生态系统和以政治、经济、科技、文化为核心的宏观生态系统，并基于这三个层级的子系统分别提出了重构策略，即支持深度学习的STEAM教学设计、促进元认知发展的STEAM教学实施与评估、构建全系统的STEAM教师发展共同体、构建自上而下和自下而上并行的STEAM教育协同机制、建设按需供给的STEAM教育资源平台和创建包容性的STEAM学习环境，以期为我国STEAM教育的生态建设提供理论与实践指导。
【英文摘要】：
Recently, a series of policy documents issued by the government have brought policy dividends to STEAM education, solved the problem of the restrictive environment for its development, and provided a favorable environment for the deepening development of STEAM education. However, due to the imperfection and unsoundness of existing ecosystem, there are systemic obstacles in STEAM education, including the classroom ecology that does not point to its educational nature, the lack of availability and accessibility of learning resources, the fragmented connection between in-school and out-of-school STEAM learning, the imperfect social synergy mechanism, the neglect of underrepresented learning groups, and the isolated view of the impact of technology and culture, etc. To this end, this paper applies the ecosystem framework to reconstruct the STEAM education ecosystem model, including a micro-ecosystem centered on classroom teaching, a meso-ecosystem centered on home, school and social government, and a macro-ecosystem with politics, economy, science, technology and culture at its core. Based on the subsystems of these three levels, the reconstruction strategy is proposed respectively, namely, STEAM teaching design supporting deep learning, STEAM teaching implementation and evaluation promoting metacognition development, a system-wide STEAM teacher development community, a top-down and bottom-up STEAM education synergy mechanism, a STEAM education resource platform providing on-demand education, an on-demand STEAM education resource platform and an inclusive STEAM learning environment, so as to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the ecological construction of STEAM education in China.