【作 者】：
原晋霞， 朱晋曦， 王 希， 柏宏权
【关 键 词 】：
人工智能； 学前儿童； 使用现状； 差异分析； 影响机制
【栏 目】：
教育信息化
【中文摘要】：
随着人工智能技术的广泛应用，社会生活智能化程度逐渐提高，学前儿童接触和使用人工智能产品的机会越来越多，但相关实证研究较为缺乏。鉴于我国东部发达地区社会生活智能化程度显著高于中西部地区，研究采用自编问卷对苏、浙、沪、粤等7个东部发达地区的14568位家长进行学前儿童使用人工智能产品现状的调查。研究发现，学前儿童使用人工智能产品呈现普遍化和低龄化特点；儿童使用的智能产品常见类型依次为智能家电设备、智能教育设备、智能穿戴设备和智能游戏设备；儿童使用智能产品的主要目的依次为学习、娱乐和交流；使用人工智能产品对学前儿童的学习、娱乐和交流既有积极作用，也存在消极影响；家长对学前儿童使用人工智能产品的态度不一。学前儿童使用人工智能产品的行为具有年龄差异、性别差异、城乡差异和家庭社会经济地位差异，且因家庭子女数量及主要照料者的不同而呈现明显差异；家长对儿童使用人工智能产品的态度与家庭社会经济地位相关。学前儿童如何使用人工智能产品受产品功能、儿童个体自身特征及家庭环境的综合影响。研究结果为针对性地进行家庭教育指导提供依据。
【英文摘要】：
With the widespread application of artificial intelligence technology, the degree of intelligence in social life has gradually increased, and preschool children have more and more opportunities to access and use artificial intelligence products, but there is a lack of relevant empirical studies. In view of the fact that the degree of intelligence in social life in the developed eastern areas of China is significantly higher than that in the central and western areas, this study uses a self-designed questionnaire to investigate the current situation of preschool children's use of AI products among 14568 parents in seven developed eastern areas, such as Suzhou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and Guangdong. This study finds that the use of AI products by preschool children is characterized by prevalence and younger age. The common types of smart products used by children are smart home appliances, smart educational devices, smart wearable devices and smart game devices in order. The main purposes for children to use smart products are learning, entertainment and communication. The use of AI products has both positive and negative effects on preschool children's learning, entertainment and communication. Parents' attitudes toward preschool children's use of AI products are mixed. The behaviors of preschool children using artificial intelligence products are different in age, gender, urban and rural areas, and family socioeconomic status, and there are significant differences due to the number of children in the family and the main caregivers. Parents' attitudes toward children's use of AI products are correlated with family socioeconomic status. How preschool children use AI products is influenced by a combination of product features, individual characteristics of children and family environment. The study results provide a basis for targeted family education guidance.