【作 者】：
张学军， 岳彦龙， 袁亚娜， 周 媛
【关 键 词 】：
计算思维； 机器人； 项目式学习； PTA评价量表； 高中生
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
机器人作为培养计算思维的有效载体之一，机器人项目式学习过程中蕴含计算思维。现有的计算思维评测量表存在较强的主观性和随意性。因此，研究基于PTA的视角，对机器人项目式学习过程中的计算思维进行评价。首先，在分析了机器人环境下的项目式学习和计算思维的构成要素及其关系的基础上，通过两轮德尔菲法确定了融入计算思维的高中机器人项目式学习评价指标体系，包含挑战性问题、持续探究、作品制作、学习支持、反思提升5个一级指标和情境感知等22个二级指标，并利用层次分析法对该指标体系进行了合理性分析；然后编制了具有四个水平等级的融入计算思维的高中机器人项目式学习评价量表；最后就该量表的使用提出了四点建议：使学生充分了解评价标准以彰显学生的主体性、设计有价值的评语以激励学生、让学生高度参与评价过程以促进师生的交流、利用学习评价过程改进教学。以期为多维度评价计算思维提供一条可行路径。
【英文摘要】：
Robot is one of the effective vehicles for developing computational thinking, and computational thinking is embedded in the process of robot project-based learning. The existing evaluation scale of computational thinking is highly subjective and arbitrary. Therefore, this study evaluates computational thinking in the process of robot project-based learning process from the PTA perspective. First, based on the analysis of the components of project-based learning and computational thinking in a robot environment and their relationships, a high school robot project-based learning evaluation index system that incorporates computational thinking has been identified through two rounds of Delphi method, which contains five primary indicators of challenging questions, continuous inquiry, work production, learning support, and reflection enhancement, and 22 secondary indicators, such as contextual perception, and the rationality of this indicator system has been analyzed by using analytic hierarchy process. Then a high school robot project-based learning evaluation scale with four levels of computational thinking has been developed. Finally, four recommendations are put forward regarding the use of the scale in order to provide a feasible path for multidimensional evaluation of computational thinking: make students fully aware of the evaluation criteria to highlight students' subjectivity; design valuable rubrics to motivate students; involve students highly in the evaluation process to facilitate teacher-student communication and use the learning evaluation process to improve teaching and learning.