【作 者】：
多召军， 刘岩松， 任永功
【关 键 词 】：
计算思维； 儿童编程； 问题解决； 学习活动； 技术环境
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
编程教育是培养儿童计算思维的主要方式，分析儿童编程促进计算思维发展的内在机理，有助于更加高效、精准地开展儿童编程教育。文章将编程问题解决活动作为计算思维的载体，分析了问题探索、问题表征、方案生成、计划执行、反思评价五个问题解决活动与分解思维、抽象思维、程序化思维、迭代思维、概括评估思维五种计算思维之间的联系；构建了分阶段、结构化设计儿童编程学习活动的框架，以及支持结构化表征、程序化表征、图形化表征的技术环境，以小学信息技术课程“算法与程序设计模块”为例开展实证研究。研究结果显示：学生计算思维水平显著提升，且分解思维、抽象思维、程序化思维与迭代思维的提升具有相关性，说明基于问题解决过程模型结构化设计编程学习活动与技术环境，能够促进儿童计算思维要素同步发展。
【英文摘要】：
Programming education is the main way to cultivate children's computational thinking. Programming education for children can be carried out more efficiently and accurately by analyzing the internal mechanism of children's programming promoting the development of computational thinking. This paper takes programming problem-solving activities as the carrier of computational thinking, and analyzes the relationship between five problem-solving activities, namely problem exploration, problem representation, scheme generation, plan execution, reflection and evaluation, and five types of computational thinking, namely, decomposition thinking, abstract thinking, procedural thinking, iterative thinking, and generalized evaluation thinking. This paper constructs a framework for designing children's programming learning activities in a structured manner, as well as a technical environment to support structured, procedural and graphical representation. The empirical research is carried out by taking "Algorithm and Programming module" of primary school information technology course as an example. The results show that the level of students' computational thinking has been significantly improved, and the improvement of decomposition thinking, abstract thinking, procedural thinking and iterative thinking are correlated, indicating that structured design programming learning activities and technical environment based on problem-solving process model can promote the simultaneous development of children's computational thinking elements.