【作 者】：
杨开城， 毛逸青
【关 键 词 】：
教育工程学； 教育问题； 教育系统
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
在旧教育学那里，教育问题这个概念并没有得到足够的反思。实际上，旧教育学不是理论，它既不能用来解答问题，也不能用来解决问题。理解和解决教育问题需要新教育学，特别是教育工程学。从教育工程学来看，教育问题是在教育工程过程中展现自身的，而教育工程过程就是教育问题的解决过程，这个过程必然是一个大数据驱动的专业性过程。根据教育工程的一般过程，教育问题可以被归因为教育系统设计缺陷、教师的行动缺陷以及教育系统生存环境的条件缺陷，而且任何教育问题都有它的责任主体。教育工程学的基本态度是：谁的问题谁去定义，谁的问题谁去解决。从教育工程学来看，为了能切实解决教育问题，目前急需三大教育革新：（1）追求深度教育信息化，实现大数据驱动的教育实践；（2）建立教育众筹机制，整合一线教师的设计智慧；（3）实现新型教育产业化，让企业深度参与课程开发、教育系统分析等专业性极强的核心工作。
【英文摘要】：
In the pedagogy, the concept of educational problem has not been sufficiently reflected upon. In fact, the pedagogy is not a theory, and it can neither be used to solve problems nor to solve problems. Educology, especially educational engineering, is needed to understand and solve educational problems. From the perspective of educational engineering, educational problems reveal themselves in the process of educational engineering, and the process of educational engineering is the process of solving educational problems, which is inevitably a professional process driven by big data. According to the general process of educational engineering, educational problems can be attributed to the design defects of the educational system, the action defects of teachers and the condition defects of the living environment of the educational system, and any educational problems have its responsible subject. The basic attitude of educational engineering is: the very person is to define the very problem, and the very problem is to be solved by the very person. In the view of educational engineering, three major educational innovations are urgently needed in order to effectively solve educational problems:(1) pursuing deep educational informatization and realizing big data-driven educational practice;(2) establishing an education crowdfunding mechanism to integrate the design wisdom of front-line teachers;(3) realizing the industrialization of new education, and allowing enterprises to deeply participate in the highly specialized core work, such as curriculum development and education system analysis.