【作 者】：
侯家英， 李 艺
【关 键 词 】：
先验主体性； 先验范畴； 知识学； 胡塞尔； 皮亚杰
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
康德感性、知性、理性的知识学框架一直被学界视为经典，但远不能说业已完善。文章以胡塞尔先验哲学为背景并引入皮亚杰的先验范畴思想，在相互比较中再次对康德知识学进行考察。经梳理发现，应该对康德知识学中的基本问题进行如下改造：其一，先验范畴作为主体所具有的先验认识形式，绝非先天就有的，而是先验主体在意识活动中发生发展而来，包含“概念”和“前概念”两层基本结构，并均有“内容”与“逻辑”两个方面；其二，知识是主体在意识中“发生—构造”而来的，其中，感性认识与理性认识呈现出既相关又不同的发生发展路径；其三，历史中“发生—构造”而来的习性的认知，会对认识主体当下构造的知识内容与结构起到支配作用。
【英文摘要】：
Kant's framework of perceptual, intellectual and rational knowledge has always been regarded as a classic by academic circles, but it is far from being perfect. This paper takes Husserl's transcendental philosophy as the background and introduces Piaget's transcendental category thought, and makes a re-examination of Kant's epistemology through mutual comparison. After combing, it is argued that the basic problems in Kant's knowledge should be reformed as follows: first, the transcendental category, as the form of transcendental cognition possessed by the subject, is not innate, but the transcendental subject develops in his conscious activities, including two basic structures of "concept" and "pre-concept", both of which have two aspects of "content" and "logic". Secondly, knowledge comes from the subject's "occurrence-construction" in consciousness, in which perceptual knowledge and rational knowledge present both related and different paths of occurrence and development. Thirdly, the cognition of habits from "occurrence-construction" in history will play a dominant role in the content and structure of knowledge constructed by the cognitive subject at present.