【作 者】：
段茂君， 郑鸿颖
【关 键 词 】：
深度学习； 学习科学； 最优整合； 复杂科学； 发生机制
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
为超越认知心理学的局限，深度学习研究从狭义走向广义成为必然。复杂科学为广义深度学习研究提供了全新视角，学习科学为学习系统简化提供了合理依据，以此可重新审视深度学习的缘起、内涵、机制及过程。研究结合人工智能历史演变，指出深度学习缘起于认知心理学的重塑、课程与教学论的变革以及教育技术学的突破；基于对既有内涵的梳理，认为深度学习是学习科学视阈下对信息深度加工过程、教师深度引导过程、技术深度支持过程三者的最优整合；依托影响因素分析，点明深度学习的发生机制以知识内容为客观载体、以真实情境为客观条件、以心理机能为主观意识；从纵向优化和横向整合两个方面建立了深度学习的一般过程模型，其间三个“深度过程”和“三维机制”不断趋于最优整合，共同促进学习者深度学习。
【英文摘要】：
In order to transcend the limitations of cognitive psychology, it is inevitable for deep learning research to move from a narrow sense to a broad one. Complex science presents a new perspective for the study of deep learning in a broad sense, and learning science provides a reasonable basis for simplifying learning system, and as a result, the origins, connotations, mechanisms and processes of deep learning can be reexamined. Combined with the historical evolution of artificial intelligence, the research points out that deep learning originated from the remodeling of cognitive psychology, the reform in curriculum and pedagogy, and the breakthrough in educational technology. Based on the existing connotations, deep learning is considered to be the optimal integration of deep information processing, deep teacher guidance and deep technology support in the context of learning science. Based on the analysis of influencing factors, it is pointed out that the mechanism of deep learning takes knowledge content as the objective carrier, the real situation as the objective condition, and the psychological function as the subjective consciousness. Finally, the general process model of deep learning is established from vertical optimization and horizontal integration, during which the three "deep processes" and "three-dimensional mechanism" continuously tend to be optimally integrated so as to jointly promote learners' deep learning.