【作 者】：
宋 宇， 邬宝娴， 郝天永
【关 键 词 】：
课堂对话； 知识建构； 演进规律； 序列挖掘
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
发展课堂对话是推进课堂教学改革的重要体现，也是进行知识建构的有效途径，对提升学生综合素养和关键能力具有重要意义。为对课堂对话的过程性规律进行解析，文章创设了面向知识建构的课堂对话编码体系，借助人工编码与机器学习相结合的方法对255节中小学课堂进行话语分析，采用关联规则挖掘等方法对课堂对话的演进序列进行分析，发现：第一，中小学课堂形成了“以基础知识类对话为基础、多元对话组合推进”的对话模式；第二，不同科目的对话演进规律区分明显，数学和科学科目体现了问题探究的特征；第三，高质量的课堂对话多经历知识习得—观点表达—阐释分析—综合提炼—迁移创新五个阶段，以螺旋式结构延展上升，发挥了知识建构的作用。研究对增强对话的有效性和提升课堂教学质量具有借鉴作用。
【英文摘要】：
The development of classroom dialogue is an important manifestation of promoting classroom teaching reform and an effective way to construct knowledge, which is of great significance for improving students' comprehensive literacy and key competence. In order to analyze the procedural pattern of classroom dialogue, this paper creates a classroom dialogue coding scheme oriented to knowledge construction. With the combination of manual coding and machine learning, this paper analyzes 255 lessons in primary and secondary schools, and reports the evolutionary sequence of classroom dialogues by using association rule mining and other methods. It is found that in primary and secondary school classrooms, a dialogue pattern, which is based on basic knowledge and promoted by a combination of multiple dialogues, has formed. The evolutionary patterns of dialogues in different subjects are clearly differentiated, with dialogues in mathematics and science subjects reflecting the characteristics of problem-based inquiry. The high-quality classroom dialogue mostly goes through five stages in a spiral structure: knowledge acquisition, individual expression, interpretation and analysis, synthesis and refinement, transfer and innovation, which plays a role of knowledge construction. This study is useful for enhancing the effectiveness of dialogue and improving the quality of classroom teaching.