【作 者】：
田 媛， 亓 栀， 黄湘琳， 向虹钰， 汪 颖
【关 键 词 】：
在线教学； 在线学习； 社会线索； 学习表现； 功能性近红外光谱技术
【栏 目】：
网络教育
【中文摘要】：
社会线索的呈现是教师在在线教学过程中采用的一种重要的教学形式，教师使用不同的社会线索会对学生产生不同的影响。本研究通过功能性近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）以及学习测验，考查学生在不同社会线索（手势引导、眼神引导、眼神—手势引导）条件下，大脑皮层的激活范围、前额叶（PFC）与右侧颞顶联合区（rTPJ）氧合血红蛋白浓度（HbO）的变化及学习成绩的差异。结果发现：（1）在眼神—手势引导条件下，学生的保留测验成绩显著高于单独呈现某一引导条件；（2）fNIRS结果证明，被试在眼神—手势引导条件下右前额和右颞叶的HbO要显著高于眼神引导条件下的HbO，在眼神—手势引导条件下学生有更深的认知加工水平并且感知到了更强的社会性。因此，为了提高学生在线学习的效果，教师应发挥眼神引导和眼神接触的重要作用，注重教学中社会线索的使用，并将更多的社会线索（眼神、手势）结合起来开展教学。
【英文摘要】：
The presentation of social cues is an important form of instruction employed by teachers during online teaching. Different social cues used by teachers will have different effects on students. This study uses Functional Near-infrared Spectroscopy(fNIRS) and learning tests to examine the activation scope of cerebral cortex, the changes of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration(HbO) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and right temporo-parietal junction(rTPJ), and the differences in students' academic performance under different social cues (gesture guidance, eye guidance, eye-gesture guidance). Results show that under the eye-gesture guidance condition, students' retention test scores are significantly higher than those under the single guidance condition. The results of fNIRS reveal that the HbO of the right prefrontal and right temporal lobes of the subjects under eye-gesture guidance is significantly higher than that under eye guidance, and the students under eye-gesture guidance condition have a deeper level of cognitive processing and perceive greater sociality. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of students' online learning, teachers should play an important role of eye guidance and eye contact, focus on the use of social cues in teaching, and combine more social cues (eyes and gestures) in teaching.