【作 者】：
杨彦军， 张佳慧， 吴 丹
【关 键 词 】：
STEM素养； STEM教育； 核心素养
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
STEM教育的发展为创新型人才的培养提供了一条可行之路，而深入研究STEM素养的内涵及结构是当前推进STEM教育的关键所在。为此，文章首先通过分析现有研究明确STEM素养的内涵，再通过对国内外有关STEM素养构成要素的政策文件的梳理总结论述STEM素养的构成。在此基础上，从知能、情意、价值三个维度系统分析STEM素养的结构，提出STEM素养结构金字塔模型，将知能维度的STEM素养分为STEM学科基础知能、STEM学科核心素养、STEM共同核心素养三层内容。STEM学科基础知能层指数学、科学、技术、工程、计算机等具体学科或领域中的基本知识、基本技能、基本方法等；STEM学科核心素养层指解决STEM相关学科或多学科交叉融合领域复杂性问题所应具备的关键能力；STEM共同核心素养层指解决超越具体学科或工作领域的真实世界复杂性问题的综合能力。最后细化各个层次中STEM素养的构成要素和内容，以求为STEM教育的开展打好基础，明确方向。
【英文摘要】：
The development of STEM education provides a feasible way for the cultivation of innovative talents, and an in-depth study of the connotation and structure of STEM literacy is the key to promote STEM education at present. To this end, this paper first clarifies the connotation of STEM literacy by analyzing the existing studies, and then summarizes the composition of STEM literacy by combing the policy documents on the components of STEM literacy at home and abroad. On this basis, the structure of STEM literacy is systematically analyzed from three dimensions of knowledge and ability, emotion and value, and a pyramid model of STEM literacy structure is proposed, which divides STEM literacy in the dimension of knowledge and ability into STEM discipline basic knowledge and ability, STEM discipline core literacy, STEM common core literacy. The STEM discipline basic knowledge and ability refers to the basic knowledge, basic skills and basic methods in specific disciplines or fields such as mathematics, science, technology, engineering and computing. STEM discipline core literacy refers to the key competencies required to solve complex problems in STEM-related disciplines or interdisciplinary fields. STEM common core literacy refers to the comprehensive abilities to solve real-world complexity problems that go beyond specific disciplines or fields of work. Finally, the components and contents of STEM literacy at all dimensions are refined in order to lay a solid foundation and clear direction for the development of STEM education.