【作 者】：
李海峰， 王 炜， 高秀敏
【关 键 词 】：
设计思维；创客教育；创新能力；高阶思维；学习模式
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
创客教育旨在培养学生的高阶思维，但是知识培训、竞赛评比和任务堆砌的教育形式阻碍了这一目标的实现，为此将运用具有创新能力培养的设计思维实现创客教育目标。通过分析国际主流的设计思维模式，提出了由设计思维过程、教师指导活动和学生设计活动三个系统构成的基于设计思维的创客教育模式。实验以一所小学的创客社团为研究对象，采用单组前后测实验设计。结果表明，基于设计思维的创客教育模式能够显著地提升学生的创造性思维、解决问题能力、批判性思维和知识创造效能感，但是对群体自我效能、合作学习倾向以及个人自我效能感的影响不显著。为提高创客教育效果，教师需要开发创意启示工具，培养学生的设计思维素养，合理安排教学事件以及构建适切的创意设计环境。
【英文摘要】：
The goal of maker education is to develop students' higher-order thinking, but the educational format of knowledge training, competition evaluation and task stacking, hinders this goal, so the goal of maker education will be achieved by using design thinking with innovative ability development. Through the analysis of mainstream design thinking models in the world, a maker education model based on design thinking is proposed, which consists of design thinking process, teacher-directed activities and student-designed activities. The experiment takes the maker community of a primary school as the research object and adopts a single group of pre - and post-test experiment design. The results show that the maker education model based on design thinking can significantly improve students' creative thinking, problem-solving ability, critical thinking, knowledge creation efficacy, but has no significant effect on group self-efficacy, cooperative learning tendency and individual self-efficacy. In order to improve the effectiveness of maker education, teachers need to develop creative inspiration tools, cultivate students' design thinking quality, reasonably arrange teaching events and build an appropriate creative design environment.