【作 者】：
但金凤， 王正青
【关 键 词 】：
美国教师； 教育数据； 教学实践； 支持机制
【栏 目】：
历史与国际比较
【中文摘要】：
教师运用教育数据驱动教学变革是大数据时代教育发展的必然诉求，也是充分发挥教育数据资源潜在价值的重要表现。文章采用比较研究法和个案研究法，以大数据驱动实践的前沿国家美国为研究对象，对美国教师运用数据驱动教学变革进行了研究。研究发现：美国教师运用教育数据驱动教学变革的具体实践包括：（1）基于教育数据变革教学决策方式；（2）依托教育数据实施教学精准干预；（3）利用教育数据实现教学持续改进；（4）挖掘评估数据追踪学生学业进步。同时，美国基于政策指导机制、资源保障机制、学校鼓励机制、素质提升机制和技术支持机制，强化了学校教师运用数据驱动教学变革的合法性、可靠性、能动性、有效性和科学性。借鉴美国教师运用教育数据驱动教学变革的经验，我国可从构建治理机制、完善制度框架、扩大校方支持、开展专业培训等方面着手，推动我国教师实现数据驱动教学变革实践的落地。
【英文摘要】：
Teachers' use of educational data to drive teaching reform is an inevitable demand for educational development in the era of big data, and also an important manifestation of giving full play to the potential value of educational data resources. This paper adopts comparative research method and case study method, and takes the United States, the frontier country of big data-driven practice, as the research object to study the data-driven teaching reform of American teachers. The research finds that the specific practices of American teachers using educational data to drive teaching reform include: (1) changing teaching decision-making methods based on educational data; (2) implementing precise teaching intervention based on educational data; (3) using educational data to achieve continuous improvement in teaching; (4) mining evaluation data to track students' academic progress. Meanwhile, based on the policy guidance mechanism, resource guarantee mechanism, school encouragement mechanism, quality improvement mechanism and technical support mechanism, the United States has strengthened the legitimacy, reliability, initiative, effectiveness and scientific nature of school teachers' use of data to drive teaching reform. Drawing on the experience of American teachers using educational data to drive teaching reforms, we can start from constructing governance mechanism, perfecting the institutional framework, expanding school support, and conducting professional training to promote the implementation of data-driven teaching reforms for Chinese teachers.