【作 者】：
桑国元， 王新宇
【关 键 词 】：
人工智能； 学校文化； 人工智能教师； 学校教育变革
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
“人工智能教师”有望协助或替代人类教师完成诸多种类的教育教学任务，对未来学校教育将产生重大影响。研究从技术—文化视角出发，认为人工智能教师对学校教育的变革性作用是通过推动学校文化重塑得以实现的。在人工智能教师的参与下，学校文化将会发生重要转变，实现结构性重塑：师生关系文化从知识传递的“外围”走向文化育人的“内核”；课堂文化将呈现文化反哺并突出个性化关怀；教师文化将丰富“人—机”合作内涵与“人—人”合作新目标。展望未来，需构建起彰显人的能动性的技术文化生态，迎接和拥抱智能时代学校教育的文化新图景。
【英文摘要】：
Online learning system can be regarded as a relatively independent micro-ecosystem composed of learning stakeholders and learning environment, which has the characteristics of integrity, self-regulation and interaction. It is an important component of online education ecosystem. With the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV，Chinese students have been forced to study online，breaking the ecological balance of the original online learning system and bringing many problems. In order to ensure students' learning, effectively respond to the drastic changes brought by major emergencies and reasonably adjust the functions of online learning ecosystem, it is necessary to study and analyze the manifestation of system imbalance under external shocks and explore the way of its development and evolution. Therefore, from the ecological perspective，based on the analysis of the composition and characteristics of online learning ecosystem, this paper, starting from the changes in the number of biological population structures and operating modes in the system caused by large-scale emergencies, discusses the problems of self-regulation dysfunction, dysfunction of environmental factors, dysfunction of biological dynamic and disorder of learning chain and knowledge network in the online learning ecosystem. Therefore, it is not only a response to the system imbalance, but also an inevitable path for its evolution to analyze the problems, change the role of learning stakeholders, strengthen the construction of learning environment and enrich the ecosystem composition.