【作 者】：
刘 鹂， 孟 雪
【关 键 词 】：
大规模突发性事件； 在线学习； 生态系统； 自我调节； 失衡与进化
【栏 目】：
网络教育
【中文摘要】：
在线学习系统可视为一个由学习相关者和学习环境构成，具有整体性、自我调节和交互特性的相对独立的微生态系统，是在线教育生态系统的重要组成部分。随着新型冠状病毒导致的疫情暴发，使全国大中小学生被迫进入了全员在线学习状态，打破了原有在线学习系统的生态平衡，带来诸多问题。为保障学生学习、有效应对重大突发事件带来的剧变以及合理调适在线学习生态系统功能，有必要研究分析外部冲击下系统失衡的问题表现并探寻其发展进化的理路。为此，研究基于生态学视角，在分析在线学习生态系统构成与特征的基础上，从大规模突发性事件带来的系统内部生物种群结构数量及运行方式的改变出发，讨论了在线学习生态系统出现的自我调节功能失调、环境因子功能失常、生物体动力失态及学习链和知识网失序等问题。解读问题，转变学习相关者角色定位、加强学习环境建设、丰富生态构成不仅是对系统失衡的回应，也是其进化的必由路径。
【英文摘要】：
Online learning system can be regarded as a relatively independent micro-ecosystem composed of learning stakeholders and learning environment, which has the characteristics of integrity, self-regulation and interaction. It is an important component of online education ecosystem. With the outbreak of the 2019-nCoV，Chinese students have been forced to study online，breaking the ecological balance of the original online learning system and bringing many problems. In order to ensure students' learning, effectively respond to the drastic changes brought by major emergencies and reasonably adjust the functions of online learning ecosystem, it is necessary to study and analyze the manifestation of system imbalance under external shocks and explore the way of its development and evolution. Therefore, from the ecological perspective，based on the analysis of the composition and characteristics of online learning ecosystem, this paper, starting from the changes in the number of biological population structures and operating modes in the system caused by large-scale emergencies, discusses the problems of self-regulation dysfunction, dysfunction of environmental factors, dysfunction of biological dynamic and disorder of learning chain and knowledge network in the online learning ecosystem. Therefore, it is not only a response to the system imbalance, but also an inevitable path for its evolution to analyze the problems, change the role of learning stakeholders, strengthen the construction of learning environment and enrich the ecosystem composition.