【作 者】：
杨彦军， 张佳慧， 童 慧
【关 键 词 】：
媒介依赖； 技术依赖； 数字媒介； 技术生态圈
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
随着媒介技术形态的演进，人们对媒介技术过度使用可能引发的失控行为深感焦虑，并开始对媒介技术依赖现象展开研究。媒介技术依赖经历了传统媒介、电子媒介和数字媒介依赖三个阶段。来自心理学、传播学、社会学、神经科学、设计学和技术哲学等多个学科的研究者对数字媒介技术依赖的成因进行了深入探析。本研究在系统梳理各学科研究成果的基础上，提出了技术演化生态圈模型，分别从历时、宏观、中观和微观四个视角对数字媒介技术依赖成因进行了整合性阐释。研究认为：从历时视角看，媒介技术依赖是现代化进程中人类需求阻断和再满足的过程；从宏观视角看，数字媒介技术已经构成现代人生存的技术生态圈，现代人就是存在于其中的“赛博格”；从中观视角看，每个人因多样化的需求而存在不同程度和形式的数字媒介技术依赖；从微观视角看，数字媒介依赖是基于人脑神经适应性改变形成的成瘾记忆神经通道的恶性循环。最后得出如下结论：作为一种社会历史现象，人类社会对数字媒介技术的依赖是必然结果；作为一种个体心理现象，每个人对数字媒介技术依赖的方向和结果是可塑的。对数字媒介技术依赖现象要辩证地分析，既要看到它出现的必然性，也要看到它结果的偶然性，关键的应对之道是要基于人类人性和个体人格可塑的眼光发展性地坚持人文主义价值取向。
【英文摘要】：
With the evolution of media technology, people are anxious about the out-of-control behavior caused by the excessive use of media technology and begin to study the phenomenon of media technology dependence. Media technology dependence has gone through three stages: traditional media, electronic media and digital media dependence. Researchers from many disciplines, such as psychology, communication, sociology, neuroscience, design and philosophy of technology, probe into the causes of digital media technology dependence. This study systematically combs the research results of various disciplines and puts forward an ecosphere model of technology evolution, which gives an integrated explanation of the causes of digital media technology dependence from diachronic, macro, meso and micro perspectives respectively. From a diachronic perspective, media technology dependence is the process of interrupting and re-satisfying human needs in the process of modernization. From a macro perspective, digital media technology has constituted the technological ecosystem of modern people, has constituted the technological ecosystem in which modern people exist and modern people are the "cyborg" in it. From the meso perspective, everyone has different degrees and forms of digital media technology dependence due to diversified demands. From a micro perspective, digital media dependence is a vicious cycle of addictive memory neural pathways formed by adaptive changes of human brain nerves. Finally, the study draws the following conclusions: as a social and historical phenomenon, the dependence of human society on digital media technology is inevitable result. As a kind of individual psychological phenomenon, the direction and result that everyone depends on digital media technology is plastic. We should dialectically analyze the phenomenon of digital media technology dependence, not only to see the inevitability of its emergence, but also the contingency of its results. The key way to deal with it is to adhere to the humanistic value orientation from the perspective of human nature and individual personality plasticity.