【作 者】：
张 双 志
【关 键 词 】：
区块链； 学分银行； 终身学习； 技术赋能
【栏 目】：
学习环境与资源
【中文摘要】：
以链式时间戳、分布式账本、智能合约等为底层技术支撑的区块链，为破解当前学分银行建设所面临的学分记录非法篡改、学分认证不透明和学分转换不顺畅等中心化治理困境提供了一种可行的技术方案。遵循“技术逻辑→创新应用→风险挑战→公共政策”的分析框架对“区块链+学分银行”赋能终身学习进行了系统性考察和审思。研究发现，链式时间戳赋能学分记录可追溯，有助于构建可信的终身学习账户；分布式账本赋能学分认证去中心化，有助于塑造扁平化的学习体系；智能合约赋能学分转换自动履约，有助于实现学习资源的优化配置。然而，“区块链+学分银行”在为终身学习带来一系列创新应用的同时，也可能会产生学分记录不可修正、学分认证数字集权、学分转换系统失控等风险挑战。那么，从数据层治理、组织层治理与机制层治理等三个方面展开公共政策选择论述，以期在政策层面确保学分记录安全可信、学分认证规范有序和学分转换激励相容。
【英文摘要】：
The blockchain supported by the underlying technologies, such as chain timestamp, distributed ledger and intelligent contract, provides a feasible technical solution to solve the centralized governance dilemma faced by the current credit bank construction, including the illegal tampering of credit record, the opaque credit certification and the unsmooth credit transfer. Following the analytical framework of "technology logic, innovation application, risk challenge, and public policy", this paper has systematically investigated and reflected on the lifelong learning enabled by "block chain + credit bank". It is found that credit records enabled by chain timestamp can be traced, which helps to build a credible lifelong learning account; decentralized credit certification of distributed ledger helps to build a flat learning system; automatic performance of credit transfer in intelligent contract is helpful to optimize the allocation of learning resources. However, while "blockchain + credit bank" brings a series of innovative applications to lifelong learning, it may also generate risks and challenges such as uncorrectable credit records, centralized digital credit certification and uncontrolled credit transfer system. Then, the discussion on the selection of public policy is carried out from three aspects of data layer governance, organization layer governance and mechanism layer governance, in order to ensure the security and credibility of credit record at the policy level, effective credit certification standards and credit transfer incentive compatibility.