【作 者】：
张沿沿， 冯友梅， 顾建军， 李 艺
【关 键 词 】：
发生认识论； 知识观； 知识结构； 思维结构； 思维评价
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
无法理清思维与知识的关系是思维评价工作一直没有取得有效突破的重要原因。实际上，皮亚杰已经为这层关系的解释提供了答案，但一直被人忽视。文章从皮亚杰知识观出发，也即从知识与思维的内在一致性观点出发，以比格斯SOLO分类理论为辅助，重新认识“思维水平”问题，最终从知识结构与思维过程两个方面讨论思维的可“观察”性及思维水平的可评价性。最终所得结论为，借知识结构的间接考察和对思维过程的直接观察是思维评价的两条可能路径。
【英文摘要】：
An important reason why thinking evaluation has not achieved an effective breakthrough is that the relationship between thinking and knowledge is unclear. In fact, Piaget has provided an answer to the explanation of the relationship, but it has been overlooked. Starting from Piaget's view of knowledge, that is, from the perspective of the internal consistency between knowledge and thinking, this paper, assisted by SOLO classification theory, reconsiders the problem of "thinking level", and finally discusses the "observability" of thinking and the evaluability of thinking level from two aspects of knowledge structure and thinking process. The conclusion is that indirect investigation of knowledge structure and direct observation of thinking process are two possible ways of thinking evaluation.