【作 者】：
袁 满， 曹 阳， 陈 萍
【关 键 词 】：
教育资源； 知识图谱； 词汇； 知识融合； 标准化
【栏 目】：
学习环境与资源
【中文摘要】：
教育是典型的知识密集型领域，因此，进行领域知识的共享研究对教育领域的发展非常重要。多年信息化的历史经验告诫我们：共享的前提是必须对领域资源实施标准化。尽管我国教育领域研发了系列教育元数据标准，但是从智慧教育的需求来看，这些标准普遍表现为缺乏语义、比较零散、体系不够完善等。随着近些年知识图谱的提出，为教育资源的知识整合发展提供了重要的技术手段。然而，目前知识图谱构建的主要焦点在构建技术方面，忽视了构建中的标准化问题。长此以往，领域将会构建出很多“知识孤岛”。为解决这些问题，本文在对国内外教育领域内标准进行研究的基础上，以系统理论为依据提出并构建了一个集预定义词汇的W3C语义Web标准、顶层词汇标准和领域词汇标准于一体的三层架构模型——教育资源知识图谱标准词汇参考模型。基于该模型建构知识图谱，不仅为教育领域数据的标准化提供标准词汇参考，而且也为规范构建教育领域知识图谱提供了参考。
【英文摘要】：
Education is a typical knowledge-intensive domain, so sharing of domain knowledge is of great significance to the development of education. The historical experience of informatization in many years warns us that the premise of sharing is to standardize the domain resources. Although a series of metadata standards about educational resources have been developed in China, those standards are generally manifested as lack of semantics, relatively fragmented ones, and imperfect systems in terms of the needs of intelligent education. With the introduction of knowledge graph in recent years, it has provided an important technical means for the integrated development of knowledge in educational resources. However, the main focus of current knowledge graph construction is on building technologies, ignoring the standardization issues. Over time, the domain will soon create many "knowledge islands". In order to solve those problems, based on the research of the standards in the field of education at home and abroad, this paper proposes and constructs a three-layer architecture model based on the system theory, which integrates the W3C semantic Web standard of predefined vocabulary, top-level vocabulary standard and domain vocabulary standard, the reference model of the standard vocabulary of knowledge graph in educational resources. The knowledge graph constructed based on this model can not only provide a standard vocabulary reference for the standardization of data in the field of education, but also provide a reference for the standardized construction of a knowledge graph in the education domain.