【作 者】：
任剑锋， 祁永珍
【关 键 词 】：
创新思维； 学习活动； 创客教育； Scratch
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
近年来，中小学生创新思维的培养受到了越来越多的重视，如在信息技术课程中，不少中小学通过增加Scratch编程模块来培养创新思维能力和提高信息素养。但相关的系统研究比较缺乏，特别是在如何有针对性地设计相应的学习活动方面缺少深入研究。有鉴于此，文章在讨论相关支撑理论和梳理总结相关研究的基础上，形成了面向创新思维培养的学习活动设计原则，并基于这些原则构建了小学生面向创新思维培养的、由“准备”“创造”和“分享”3大环节及“先导”“创意”“设计”“实现”和“总结”5个小环节为主要框架构成的学习活动组织程序的理论模型，然后以信息技术课程中的Scratch编程模块为依托，通过行动研究使模型得到了发展。研究结果发现，学生在创造力倾向测验的冒险性、想象力、好奇性和挑战性等维度上都有显著提高。学生对所学课程的兴趣也逐渐浓厚，有创意且独立完成任务的人数逐渐增加，一系列数据支持研究提出的相关模型和具体实施办法的有效性。
【英文摘要】：
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the cultivation of primary and secondary school students' innovative thinking. For example, in the course of information technology, Scratch programming is used in many primary and secondary schools to cultivate students' innovative thinking ability and improve their information literacy. But there is a lack of systematic research, especially the in-depth research on how to design corresponding learning activities. In order to solve this problem, this study, based on the discussion of relevant theories and researches, has formed the design principles of learning activities for cultivating innovative thinking. Based on these principles, a theoretical model of learning activity organization procedures for primary school students is constructed, which is mainly composed of three main links ( i.e., preparation, creation and sharing), and five minor links( i.e., leading in, creativity, design, realization and summary.) The model has then been developed through action research, based on the Scratch programming module from the information technology course. The study results show on the creativity tendency test, students have manifested significant improvements in the dimensions of adventure, imagination, curiosity, and challenge. Students also show a growing interest in the curriculum, and the number of creative and independent students is increasing too. A series of data have supported the effectiveness of the proposed model in the study and its specific implementation methods.