【作 者】：
汪维富， 闫寒冰
【关 键 词 】：
微认证； 开放徽章； 数字徽章； 非正式学习； 数字证书； 开放学习结果； 先前学习认定
【栏 目】：
网络教育
【中文摘要】：
传统证书在知识经济时代的资质认证与交流功能日显不足，对无处不在的开放学习进行灵活认证、在线验证与交流成为教育培训领域面临的重大挑战，而微认证实践就是其中最典型的有益探索。研究通过文献综述法，在分析国内外微认证现象的基础上，对微认证进行概念分析、要素解剖与理解辨析，重点对微认证的运作机制和体系进行了系统化阐述。研究认为微认证具有知识模块化、开发敏捷化、证据绩效化、记录可验证、结果可堆叠、凭证可移植等运作机制；开放徽章是微认证的典型流通凭证，是适合开放学习的后现代证书；微认证运作体系涵盖发行者、学习者、认可者和托管机构等四个互连的关键角色，以及生产、认证与消费微证书等三个相互支撑的子系统。微认证满足了开放学习结果的认证需求，有利于丰富新的人才资质交流话语体系，弥合教育培训供给与市场精准需求之间的鸿沟。
【英文摘要】：
Traditional certificates are becoming increasingly inadequate in qualification certification and communication in the era of knowledge economy. Flexible certification, online verification and communication for ubiquitous open learning have become major challenges in education and training, and the practice of micro-credentialing is one of the most typical beneficial attempts. Through literature review, after analyzing micro-credentialing at home and abroad, this paper studies the concept and elements of micro-credentialing, and systematically expounds its operation mechanism and system as well. This research suggests that micro-credentialing has such operational mechanisms as knowledge modularity, agile development, evidence-based performance, verifiable records, stackable results and portable credentials. Open badge is a typical circulation voucher of micro-certificating, and a postmodern certificate suitable for open learning. The operating system of micro-credentialing is composed of four interconnected key roles such as issuer, learner, approver and custodian institution, as well as three mutually supporting subsystems: production, certification and consumption microcredentials. Micro-credentialing meets the demand for the certification of open learning, enriches a new discourse system for talent qualification communication and bridges the gap between the supply of education and training and the precise demand of the market.