【作 者】：
卢国庆， 谢 魁， 张文超， 刘清堂， 张 妮， 梅 镭
【关 键 词 】：
经验取样法； 研究方法； 即时数据
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
经验取样法是一种在自发、自然的情境下，多次采集人们在事件发生时的主观体验的方法。“互联网+”时代，不断涌现的新技术与工具促进了经验取样法的发展，使之成为教育研究与应用领域的新手段。传统上，经验取样法借助辅助工具（如闹钟）提醒被试，使被试在随机或事件发生等诸多瞬间自我报告，从而达到自动采集自然情境下即时数据的目的。与其他自陈测验方法（如问卷法）相比，经验取样法是一种测量个体随情境、时间而变化的研究方法，在时间与空间上更加接近于真实情境，有利于降低被试的社会期许与回忆偏差。该方法强调在学习发生的真实情境下纵向动态地开展教育研究，侧重学习者内在状态的真实性与情境性，关注个体内在学习体验的动态性与规律性，有助于提升教育量化研究的质量与精度。
【英文摘要】：
Experience sampling method（ESM） enables us to examine human experiences at the time of an event in a spontaneous, authentic context. In the era of "Internet +", the emergence of new technologies and tools has promoted the development of ESM, making it a new method for educational research. Traditionally, to collect real-time data in natural situations, ESM reminds subjects using auxiliary tools (such as alarm), so that subjects would report themselves at any random time or close to event occurrence. Compared with other self-report methods (such as questionnaire), ESM measures individuals' changes in natural and real situations, which is beneficial to reduce the social desirability and recall biases of the subjects. ESM emphasizes the vertical and dynamic educational research under the real situations, focuses on authenticity and contextuality of learners' inner state, and pays attention to the dynamic and regularity of individuals' learning experience, which helps to improve the quality and precision of educational quantitative research.