【作 者】：
余胜泉， 王 琦
【关 键 词 】：
人工智能； AI+教师； 人机协同； 认知外包
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
互联网环境下信息呈现增速越来越快、体量越来越大、结构越来越复杂的特点，这些特点使得人类教师的认知能力难以驾驭信息的不断变化，要想适应这种变化，就需要借助外部智能设备作为人脑的认知外包进行信息处理和思考，“AI+教师”的认知外包将成为常态，也是人工智能时代人机协同的主要形式。根据教师工作智能形态的不同，“AI+教师”的认知外包将实现人脑内部认知网络与设备外部认知网络之间的不同层次的连接，使得机器可以外包教师在数据计算、特征感知、模式认知和社会交互四个层面的智能；以四层智能外包为基础，文章提出了“AI+教师”实现人机协同的教学分析框架，按协同过程中智能性和自主性递增主要包含AI代理、AI助手、AI教师和AI伙伴。最后在该框架的基础上，预测了未来人机协同教学的核心特征，期望为智能时代“AI+教师”的协作提供路径参考和应用启示。
【英文摘要】：
Rapid increasing, huge volume and complex structure are features of information under Internet environment which make it difficult for human teachers to handle the changes of information. In order to adapt to those changes, it is necessary to conduct information processing and thinking with the help of external intelligent equipment as the cognitive outsourcing of human brain. The cognitive outsourcing of "AI+ Teachers" will become the normality and main form of man-machine collaboration in the era of artificial intelligence as well. According to the different forms of teachers' working intelligence, the cognitive outsourcing of "AI+ Teachers" will realize the connection between the internal cognitive network of human brain and the external cognitive network of equipment at different levels, as a result, the machine can outsource teachers' intelligence at four levels: data calculation, feature perception, pattern cognition and social interaction. Based on the four-layer intelligent outsourcing, this paper proposes an analysis framework of "AI+ Teachers" to realize man-machine collaboration. According to the increasing intelligence and autonomy in the collaborative process, it mainly includes AI agents, AI assistants, AI teachers and AI partners. Finally, on the basis of that framework, this paper predicts the core features of human-computer collaborative teaching in the future, and expects to provide reference and enlightenment for the collaboration of "AI+ Teachers" in the intelligent era.