【作 者】：
曾丽颖， 任 平， 曾本友
【关 键 词 】：
STEAM教师； 培养策略； 培养路径； 跨学科知识
【栏 目】：
STEM 教育
【中文摘要】：
有效推进STEAM教育有助于提高国家竞争力，然而调查显示确保其实施质量的STEAM教师严重短缺，其中既有深层文化、利益机制原因，更是STEAM教师跨学科综合培养太难所致。针对其问题成因，我们运用教师发展阶段理论，与职前职后一体化教师集成培养经验结合的方法，提出延长STEAM教师职前培养年限，以拓展跨学科知识；对转岗教师补教，对应届毕业生进行岗前综合培训；对骨干教师和名教师采取提升综合素质的培训策略。让STEAM教师群体沿着“主干课—拓展课—综合应用—提升课—再综合”的螺旋式课程设置发展素质；教师个人以“GPS定位”法优化升级路径。各级政府为其完善跨学科知识结构，提升素质和学历层次提供条件，并从待遇倾斜和职称评审方面提供政策支持。
【英文摘要】：
Effectively promoting STEAM education is helpful to improve national competitiveness. However, surveys show that there is a serious shortage of STEAM teachers to ensure the quality of the implementation of STEAM education. The reasons of which may be the effect of deep culture and interest mechanism, and it is also because the interdisciplinary accomplishment of STEAM teachers is too difficult to train. In view of the causes of the problems, combined with the integrated training experience of pre-service and in-service teachers, this paper applies teacher development theory and proposes to extend the pre-service training period of STEAM teachers to expand their interdisciplinary knowledge, to make up for the teachers who have been transferred to post, to provide comprehensive training for fresh graduates and to improve the overall quality of the backbone and famous teachers. The STEAM teachers can develop their quality along the spiral curriculum of "main course - extension course - comprehensive application course - promotion course - re-integration course ", while the individual teacher can use "GPS positioning" method to optimize his/her upgrade path. Governments at all levels provide supports to perfect teachers' interdisciplinary knowledge structures, improve their quality and academic level, and supply policy support in terms of preferential treatment and professional title evaluation.