【作 者】：
唐晓玲， 张力文， 王正青
【关 键 词 】：
教育大数据； 数据治理； 州纵向数据系统； 教育数据库
【栏 目】：
历史与国际比较
【中文摘要】：
美国州纵向数据系统旨在帮助州、地区、学校、教育工作者及其他利益相关者管理、分析和使用教育数据，其建设过程经历了NCLB法案颁布后的正式启动、ARRA法案颁布后进入P-20W建设、ESSA法案颁布后转向共同推进等阶段。各州从完善数据治理机构、实行利益相关者分类使用、开展教师数据使用能力培训、建立数据隐私保护体系等方面，保障系统正常运行。在州纵向数据系统的运用方面，主要服务于教育研究者、教育管理者和一线教育工作者的教育决策需要，通过早期预警系统解决学生辍学问题，帮助学校和就业部门做好入学和就业工作，并为学术研究提供强有力的数据支撑。
【英文摘要】：
The State Longitudinal Data System in U.S.A. is designed to help states, districts, schools, educators and other stakeholders manage, analyze and use educational data. The construction process of that system has gone through three phases, including the official launch after the enactment of NCLB Act, the entry into the P-20W construction after the promulgation of ARRA Act, and the transition to the joint promotion after the ESSA Act. To ensure the normal operation of the SLDS system, states in America improve the institutions of data governance, separate data usage of stakeholders, develop teachers' ability to process data, and establish private data protection systems. The State Longitudinal Data System mainly serves the education decision-making needs of educational researchers, educational managers and frontline educational workers. Early warning system can solve the problem of students dropping out of school, help schools and employment departments to perform well in enrollment and employment, and provide strong data support for academic research.