【作 者】：
徐刘杰， 余胜泉， 郭 瑞
【关 键 词 】：
泛在学习资源； 资源进化； 生态学； 后现代知识观
【栏 目】：
学习环境与资源
【中文摘要】：
随着e-Learning的发展，静态的、预设的学习资源已无法适应泛在学习，泛在学习需要情境化、自适应、开放性和可进化的学习资源。基于后现代知识观对知识的本质、知识的特征、知识的增长、知识的社会建构等方面的界定，论证了泛在学习资源是可进化的资源。从生态学理论论证了泛在学习资源是一种生命有机体，与用户、学习环境共同组成泛在学习生态系统的生态要素。在资源、用户和学习环境相互作用过程中，用户选择和环境选择构成了资源进化的外部动力，资源对用户的竞争与资源之间的协同，即自组织行为构成了资源进化的内部动力。通过构建泛在学习资源进化的动力模型，从用户和环境角度提出加强自然选择以推动资源进化；从资源本身提出利用技术推动资源自组织以促进资源有序进化。泛在学习资源进化存在正发展、平衡和淘汰三种状态，自然选择和自组织应该推动优质资源的正发展和平衡，推进劣质资源的淘汰。
【英文摘要】：
With the development of e-Learning, the static and pre-determined learning resources cannot adapt to ubiquitous learning. Ubiquitous learning requires contextualized, adaptive, open and evolvable learning resources. From the perspective of post-modern knowledge, this paper demonstrates that ubiquitous learning resource is an evolvable resource based on the nature, characteristics, growth and social construction of knowledge. From the theory of ecology, this paper proves that ubiquitous learning resource is a living organism, and the user and learning environment together constitute the ecological elements of ubiquitous learning ecosystem. In the interaction of resources, users and learning environment, user selection and environment selection are composed of the external motivation of resource evolution. The resource competition for users and the synergy between resources, the self-organizing behavior, form the internal motivation of resource evolution. By constructing a dynamic model of ubiquitous learning resource evolution, this paper proposes that natural selection should be enhanced from the perspective of users and environment. As for the resource, technology can be used to promote the self-organization of resources to improve orderly evolution of resources. During the evolution of ubiquitous learning resources, there are three states: development, balance and elimination. Natural selection and self-organization should promote the development and balance of high-quality resources and elimination of inferior resources as well.