【作 者】：
李 梅
【关 键 词 】：
项目化学习；认知；问题解决；认知图式
【栏 目】：
课程与教学
【中文摘要】：
项目化学习因其强调问题解决和实践应用在教育领域中得到广泛应用，而教学实践中过于重经验、轻知识导致该模式的教学有滑向经验主义的危险。为了更好地认识项目化学习的发生机制，有针对性地设计教学，实现学生认知发展与问题解决的有机融合，研究从认知视角对项目化学习的发生原理和过程进行解析，分析项目化学习的目的、要素、活动及其在学习过程中的相互关系。通过文献研究与理论分析发现，项目化学习是一个问题解决的过程，以专家技能的形成为主线，以问题为驱动、制品为产出，在解决问题的过程中学习者经过同伴交互、个体反思和建模三种认知活动相互促进，实现认知图式的完善与发展。
【英文摘要】：
Project-based learning has been widely used in the field of education because of its emphasis on problem solving and practical application. However, in practice, that teachers attach more importance to experience than to knowledge may lead to experimentalism. In order to better understand the mechanism of project-based learning, design learning purposefully and realize the organic integration of students’ cognitive development and problem solving, this study analyzes the objectives, elements, activities and process of project-based learning and their relationships in learning process. Through literature study and theoretical analysis,, it is found that project-based learning is a process of problem-solving, in which ?the formation of expert skills is the main line, problems are served as the drive and artifacts as output. The cognitive activities of peer interaction, individual reflection and modeling interleave during the process of problem solving and result in the development of learners’ cognitive schema.