【作 者】：
李彤彤， 武法提
【关 键 词 】：
在线学习；学习者效能；构成要素；影响因素
【栏 目】：
网络教育
【中文摘要】：
从生态心理学的视角看，环境的给养和学习者的效能共同决定着学习者的学习行为。在线学习者效能是“学习者感知学习环境的信息、与学习环境中的要素进行交互以完成学习任务、达成学习目标的能力”，它决定着学习者对环境中给养的感知与处理，是影响其辍学的关键因素之一。同时，学习者效能分析也是设计与学习者相契合的教学给养的关键。研究学习者效能对于预测学习者的状态表现、并有针对性地进行远程教学干预有着非常重要的意义。通过德尔菲法四轮的专家意见咨询，得到了在线学习者效能的五大构成要素与九大关键影响因素分析框架。感知信息的能力、交互能力、自我规划能力、自我监控和调节能力、自我效能感这五大构成要素及其之间的相互作用关系直接决定了学习者的效能，形成了在线学习者效能的结构；网络学习观念、性格、时间投入、学习态度、学习动机、学习风格、技术素养、已有知识基础和经验背景、高阶思维能力九大关键影响因素则间接影响着学习者的效能。
【英文摘要】：
From the perspective of ecological psychology, the learning behavior of learners is determined by the environment and the efficiency of learners. Online learners effectiveness is that "learners perceive the information of learning environment and interact with the elements in learning environment to complete learning tasks and achieve learning goals", which determines learners' perception and processing of supplies in the environment, and it is one of the key aspects that affects learners' dropout. Meanwhile, analysis of learners' effectiveness is also the key to the design of teaching supplies matching the learners. It is very important to study learners' effectiveness to predict learners' performance and then to conduct remote teaching purposefully. Based on four-round expert consultations by Delphi method, an analytical framework of learners' effectiveness which comprises five components and nine contributory factors is obtained. The five components refer to the ability to perceive information, interactive ability, self-planning ability, self-monitoring and regulation ability and self-efficacy. The five components and the relations among them directly determine the effectiveness of learners and form the structure of online learners' effectiveness. The nine key contributory factors are online learning concept, personality, time input, learning attitude, learning motivation, learning style, technology literacy, former knowledge and experience background, and high-order thinking ability of learners, which determines learners' effectiveness indirectly.