【作 者】：
郑旭东， 王美倩
【关 键 词 】：
学习科学； 学习研究三部曲； 教育与认知神经科学； 三个世界
【栏 目】：
理论探讨
【中文摘要】：
文章基于历史与逻辑同一的方法论，对百余年来的学习研究进行了回顾与前瞻。研究发现：在教育研究中坚定贯彻心理学的方法，既推进了对学习的科学探索，也让教育学陷入了合法性危机；20世纪谱写了学习研究的“三部曲”：“动物是如何学习的”、“机器是如何学习的”、“人是如何学习的”；20世纪80年代以来学习科学在方法论上有三大主要突破：以基于设计的研究为代表的新基本框架，以会话分析为代表的新研究方法，以复杂性科学为代表的新思维模式；目前学习科学迎来了第二次重大转折，即教育与认知神经科学的崛起，整合对大脑、心理与经验的探索，把学习研究的微观、中观和宇观“三个世界”统一起来，是其面临的最为巨大的挑战。
【英文摘要】：
Based on the same methodology of history and logic, this paper investigates learning studies in the 20th century. The results indicate that in educational studies, to implement the methodology of psychology firmly promotes the scientific investigation of learning but puts pedagogy in a crisis of legitimacy. In the 20th century, "how animals learn", "how machines learn" and "how people learn" are studied. There are three major breakthroughs in learning sciences since 1980s: design-based research as the new methodological framework, conversation analysis as the new analytic tool, and complexity science as the new mindset. Now the second major turning point in the development of learning sciences is the rising of education and cognitive neuroscience. How to integrate the investigations of minds, psychology and experience and how to unify three worlds (micro view, middle view and yu view ) of learning studies are the primary challenges.