【作 者】：
闫寒冰， 郑东芳， 李笑樱
【关 键 词 】：
设计思维； 使能方法； 创客教育
【栏 目】：
创客教育
【中文摘要】：
近年来，创客教育发展迅猛，其强调对学生创新能力及问题解决能力的培养。然而，在当前教育实践中，其对培养学生综合能力的教法颗粒度还不够细致，学生的“使能”技能很难得到高质量的培养，在现有的教育研究中也很难找到适当的“使能”方法。而设计思维，源生于创客领域的创新思维方法，在培养学生“使能”技能方面已具备成熟的理念、方法和工具。本文通过对国内外相关文献进行综述和分析，阐述了设计思维的发展现状及内涵，深入解读了设计思维应用于创客教育中的“使能”作用点及应用形式。最后，就创客教育中如何高效引进设计思维提出了四条对策建议：鼓励跨领域的合作研究与实践应用；以MOOC形式研发并开放设计思维课程；将设计思维作为专题纳入中小学一线教师培训内容；提供有效支持教师教学的课程工具包。
【英文摘要】：
In recent years, maker education, which stresses the cultivation of students' innovative ability and problem-solving ability, develops rapidly. While in teaching practice, the teaching method is not meticulous enough for students to develop enabling skills with high quality and actually it is hard to find an appropriate enabling method. Design thinking, originating from innovative thinking in the field of makers, has mature concepts, methods and tools in cultivating students' enabling skills. Based on related literature at home and abroad, this paper expounds the status and connotations of design thinking, and interprets the enabling roles and application forms of design thinking once used in maker education. Finally, four suggestions are proposed for how to use design thinking effectively in maker education: to encourage interdisciplinary collaborative research and practical application, to develop and open design thinking courses in the form of MOOC, to incorporate design thinking into training of primary and secondary school teachers, and to provide teachers with effective curriculum toolkits.